Integrating Gamification, Recommender System, and Chatbot in Cybersecurity Training: A User-Centered Approach for Enhanced Engagement and Motivation

Cyber attacks are increasing, causing financial losses, data breaches, and reputational damage for individuals and organizations. Since human error remains the leading cause, raising awareness of cyber threats is essential. Cyber range scenarios aim to mitigate these risks but often fail to reflect real-world challenges and user needs. This underscores the importance of integrating human-computer interaction (HCI) and user experience (UX) principles to develop more effective 
cybersecurity training. While gamification, recommender system, chatbot enhance the user experience in cybersecurity training, no existing system seamlessly combines these components. This paper explores the user requirements for such a system using a prospective user-centered approach. Ten potential users participate in tests involving task-based exercises, UEQ+ assessment, ad-hoc questionnaire, and interviews. The results suggest that integrating these components into a unified system can significantly enhance user engagement in cybersecurity training.